The croissant, with its flaky, buttery layers and golden exterior, has become a symbol of indulgence and elegance in the world of pastries.

Whether enjoyed plain, filled with chocolate, or served alongside coffee, croissants have become a breakfast staple across the globe.

But what is it that makes this crescent-shaped pastry so beloved?

In this guide, we’ll uncover the history of the croissant, the secrets behind its delicate layers, and tips on how to enjoy it at its finest. Whether you're a home baker or simply an aficionado of fine pastries, this guide will help you appreciate the craftsmanship and flavor of the perfect croissant.

1. The Origins and Evolution of the Croissant

Although the croissant is often associated with French culture, its origins are rooted elsewhere:

Austrian Roots: The croissant’s story begins in Austria, not France, with the creation of the "kipferl" in the 17th century. The kipferl was a crescent-shaped pastry that inspired the later development of the croissant.

Arrival in France: In the 19th century, the kipferl made its way to France, where French bakers refined the recipe, using a dough similar to puff pastry, and gave it the flaky texture that we now associate with the modern croissant. It quickly became a staple in Parisian cafés and bakeries.

Global Popularity: Today, croissants are enjoyed worldwide, with countless variations, including almond croissants and cheese croissants, and chocolate-filled ones (pain au chocolat).

2. What Makes the Perfect Croissant?

The beauty of a croissant lies in its delicate structure and flavor. But what exactly goes into making a croissant truly exceptional?

Laminate Dough Process: The signature flaky layers of a croissant are achieved through a process called lamination. This involves folding butter into the dough several times to create multiple thin layers of dough and butter. When baked, the butter melts, creating steam that puffs up the dough, resulting in a light, airy texture with crispy, golden layers on the outside.

The Right Ingredients: High-quality ingredients are key to a great croissant. French bakers traditionally use pure butter, strong flour for structure, and a pinch of sugar for a hint of sweetness. The butter should be cold and evenly spread within the dough to ensure even lamination.

Proper Technique: Creating croissants is a labor of love that requires patience and precision. After multiple rounds of folding and resting, the dough is shaped into crescents, proofed, and baked at the right temperature to achieve the perfect texture: crispy on the outside and tender, buttery on the inside.

3. How to Enjoy and Serve Croissants

Croissants are versatile and can be enjoyed in numerous ways:

The Classic Croissant: Nothing beats a freshly baked croissant on its own. Enjoy it warm, with a slight crackle as you bite into the crispy layers, releasing the rich buttery flavor inside. Pair it with a coffee or tea for a simple yet satisfying breakfast.

Filled and Flavored Croissants: Croissants can also be enjoyed with a variety of fillings. Chocolate-filled croissants (pain au chocolat) are a popular treat, while almond croissants, filled with almond paste and topped with flaked almonds, offer a sweet, nutty twist. Savory options like cheese croissants provide a satisfying meal for any time of day.

Croissant-Based Dishes: Croissants aren’t just for breakfast—they can be used in creative dishes like croissant sandwiches, where the buttery pastry complements the savory fillings, or croissant French toast, where day-old croissants are dipped in an egg mixture and cooked like French toast for a decadent brunch.

Video by Oh Yum with Anna Olson

The croissant is more than just a pastry—it’s a work of art, combining precise technique, high-quality ingredients, and a rich history. From its Austrian origins to its iconic status in France and beyond, the croissant has captured hearts and taste buds around the world. Whether enjoyed plain or filled with sweet or savory flavors, croissants are the epitome of indulgence and comfort.