Unmanned vehicles, also known as smart vehicles, unmanned autonomous vehicles, autonomous navigation vehicles, or wheeled mobile robots, are an important application of outdoor mobile robots in the field of transportation.

The unmanned vehicle system is a comprehensive system that integrates environmental perception, planning decision-making, and multi-level assisted driving.

It is a vehicle system that fully considers the integration of vehicles and roads and coordinated planning, and is also an important part of the intelligent transportation system.

The scenario of Level 4 self-driving cars driving on public roads is about to become a reality.

On May 28, the German Bundesrat passed a draft submitted by the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMWI), officially allowing fully driverless cars to appear on public roads in designated areas throughout Germany in 2022.

As a result, Germany will become the first country in the world to transport Level 4 autonomous vehicles from research labs to the streets.

According to the current GM Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) classification of autonomous vehicles, the L3 level refers to conditional automated driving, that is, all driving operations are completed by the unmanned driving system, and human drivers provide appropriate operations according to the system requests.

At present, driverless cars driving on public roads in all countries are L3 level. Although human drivers do not operate the car, they must maintain a driving posture and be ready to take over at any time.

The L4 level refers to highly automated driving, that is, all driving operations can be completed by the unmanned driving system in limited roads and environments without the intervention of human drivers.

In the field of autonomous driving, Germany has always played the role of a "pioneer".

Advanced Driver Assistance System (Advanced Driver Assistance System), referred to as ADAS, is to use various sensors installed on the car to collect environmental data inside and outside the car for the first time and to identify, detect and monitor static and dynamic objects.

Tracking and other technical processing, so that the driver can detect possible dangers in the fastest time, so as to attract attention and improve safety. Active safety technology.

The sensors used in ADAS mainly include cameras, radars, lasers, and ultrasonic waves, which can detect light, heat, pressure, or other variables used to monitor the state of the car.

They are usually located in the front and rear bumpers, side mirrors, inside the steering column, or in the windshield of the vehicle. on the glass. Early ADAS technology was mainly based on passive alarms.

When a vehicle detects a potential danger, an alarm will be issued to remind the driver to pay attention to abnormal vehicles or road conditions. Proactive interventions are also common with the latest ADAS technologies.